Chinese martial arts, often named under the umbrella terms Kung Fu and Wushu, are the several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits. Examples of such traits include religious classifications: Buddhist, Taoist and islamic. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (neijiaquan), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (waijiaquan). Geographical association, as in northern (beiquan) and southern (nanquan), is another popular classification method. Kung Fu or Gung Fu is a Chinese term referring to any study, learning, or practice that requires patience, energy, and time to complete. In its original meaning, Kung Fu can refer to any discipline or skill achieved through hard work and practice, not necessarily martial arts. Wushu is a martial art and a full-contact sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was developed in China after 1949, in an effort to standardize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts, although attempts to structure the various decentralized martial arts traditions date back earlier, when the Central Guoshu Institute was established at Nanking in 1928. The term Wushu is Chinese for “martial arts” (Wu = military or martial, Shu = art).
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