Tul (Pattern)
Note: D is front, C is rear, B/F/H is left and A/E/G is right.
Saju Jirugi (Four Direction Punch)(14 movements) – Fundamental exercise practiced by 10th Gup.
Saju Makgi (Four Direction Block)(16 movements) – Fundamental exercise practiced by 10th Gup.
Chon-Ji (19 movements)(9th Gup) – It means literally “the Heaven the Earth”. It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore, it is the initial pattern performed by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts; one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth.
Dan-Gun (21 movements)(8th Gup) – It is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2,333 B.C.
Do-San (24 movements)(7th Gup) – It is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876-1938). The 24 movements represent his entire life which he devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement.
Won-Hyo (28 movements)(6th Gup) – It was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 A.D.
Yul-Gok (38 movements)(5th Gup) – It is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yil (1536-1584) nicknamed the “Confucius of Korea”. The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38° latitude and the diagram represents “scholar”.
Joong-Gun (32 movements)(4th Gup) – It is named after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. Ahn’s age when he was executed in a Lui-Shung prison (1910).
Toi-Gye (37 movements)(3rd Gup) – It is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37° latitude, the diagram represents ” scholar”.
Saju Tulgi (Four Direction Thrust)(8 movements) – Fundamental exercise practiced by 3rd Gup. This pattern was removed from the syllabus in the early 1990s.
Hwa-Rang (29 movements)(2nd Gup) – It is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group, which originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity.
Choong-Moo (30 movements)(1st Gup) – It was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.
Kwang-Gae (39 movements)(1st Dan) – It was named after the famous Gwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, 19th king of the Koguryu Dynasty, who recovered all of the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements represents the first two figures of the year 391A.D., the year he came to the throne.
Po-Eun (36 movements)(1st Dan) – It is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400) who was a famous poet and whose poem “I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times” is know to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dinasty.
Ge-Baek (44 movements)(1st Dan) – It is named after Ge-Baek a great general in the Dynasty (660 A.D.). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.
Eui-Am (45 movements)(2nd Dan) – It is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements refer to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his indomitable spirit, displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation.
Choong-Jang (52 movements)(2nd Dan) – It is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty, 14th Century. This pattern ends with a left-hand attack, to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.
U-Nam (42 movements)(2nd Dan) – It is the pseudonym of the first President of the Republic of (South) Korea, Dr. Syngman Rhee. Designed to develop agility by focusing on advancing and retreating, U-Nam was removed from the syllabus due to a disputed election in April 1960 that sparked nationwide protests against President Rhee’s rule. U-Nam’s only known published pattern description is in the Taekwon-Do Teaching Manual (1959). This pattern was developed around the same time as Sam-Il and is therefore among the first six Chang Hon forms from the years 1955-1959.
Juche (45 movements)(2nd Dan) – It is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and decides everything, in other words, the idea that man is the master of the world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu Mountain which symbolizes the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram represents the Baekdu Mountain.
Ko-Dang (39 movements)(2nd Dan) – It is the pseudonym of Cho Man-sik (1883-1950 C.E.), a nationalist activist in Korea’s independence movement. He became involved in the power struggle that enveloped North Korea in the months following the Japanese surrender after World War II. Ko-Dang was later on replaced for Juche as the last 2nd Dan Tul.
Sam-Il (33 movements)(3rd Dan) – It denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.
Yoo-Sin (68 movements)(3rd Dan) – It is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D., the year Korea was united. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn on the right rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin’s mistake of following his king’s orders to fight with foreign forces against his own nation.
Choi-Yong (46 movements)(3rd Dan) – It is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first king of the Yi Dynasty.
Yon-Gae (49 movements)(4th Dan) – It is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somoon. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A.D., the year he forced the Tang Dynasty to leave Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 of their troops at Ansi Sung.
Ul-Ji (42 movements)(4th Dan) – It is named after General Ul Ji Moon Dok who successfully defended Korea against a Tang’s invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D. Ul Ji using hit-and-run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represent General Choi’s age when he designed the pattern.
Moon-Moo (61 movements)(4th Dan) – It honors the 30th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King’s Rock). According to this will, the body was placed in the sea “Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese.” It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in this pattern symbolized the last two figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne.
So-San (72 movements)(5th Dan) – It is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyong Ung (1520-1604) during the Yi Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592.
Se-Jong (24 movements)(5th Dan) – It is named after the greatest Korean king, Se Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.
Tong-Il (56 movements)(6th Dan) – It denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which had been divided since 1945. The diagram symbolizes the homogeneous race.